（网络收集）2025年全国一卷英语高考真题带答案带解析带分值文字版第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1.AThegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO₂emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here'sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedisalittlebitmind-blowing,saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It'sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,saysWipke.(1)Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%.B.45.1%.C.74.5%.D.86.1%.(2)Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A.Planes.B.Trucks.C.Trains.D.Ships.(3)WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A.Limitingfuelconsumption.B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency.D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】(1)C(2)C(3)B【解析】(1)细节理解题。由图表中ROADVEHICLES道路车辆包括ROAD(PASSENGER)（45.1%）和ROAD(GOODS)（29.4%）可知，两者相加45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，故选C项。(2)细节理解题。由第二个图表中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.”说明火车实现绿色能源相对容易，故选C项。(3)细节理解题。由最后一段中Wipke的话“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy”可知，Wipke建议要在可再生能源发展上投入更多努力。故选B项。【分值】7.52.BInmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA's,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who'dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn'tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting'smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother'sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.(1)Whoarethepeoplementionedatthebeginningofparagraph1?A.Ninthgraders.B.Students'parents.C.Modernwriters.D.Fictionalcharacters.(2)Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime.B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion.D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed.B.Amazing.C.Similar.D.Disturbing.(4)Whatdoestheauthor'sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning.B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】(1)D(2)D(3)B(4)A【解析】(1)推理判断题。由第一段中”Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.”可知，第一段中提到的人物都是学生作文中创造出的虚构角色，故选D项。(2)细节理解题。由第二段中“ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.”可知，学生对“写作为何重要”这个话题没兴趣，所以作文写得差，故选D项。(3)词义猜测题。由第三段中“Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenmyviewandtouchedmyheart.”可知，学生作品有很多精彩内容，“staggering”意思是“令人惊讶的；了不起的”，和“amazing”同义，故选B项。(4)推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者原本认为写作是一种重要的交流方式，但通过教学，从学生那里领悟到写作更重要的意义，故选A项。【分值】103.CWhilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstrootarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestruc